• Genetic information can be transferred from one cell to another by genetic engineering.
• Enzymes are used in this process to extract and insert the genes.

Stages of genetic engineering:

• identify section of DNA that contains required gene from source chromosome
• extract required gene
• extract plasmid from bacterial cell
• insert required gene into bacterial plasmid
• insert plasmid into host bacterial cell to produce a genetically modified (GM) organism.

Topic Summary